Nanoparticle Treatments Based on Zinc Oxide and <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Extracts Alleviate Salinity Stress in Faba Bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.)

Salinity stress limits crop growth and productivity, including legumes in various regions worldwide. The impact of foliar-applied zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) combined nano-loaded with moringa extracts (ZnONPs) on salt tolerance faba beans (cultivar, Giza-716) grown under saline soil (50 100 mM NaCl) was investigated. Moringa oleifera extract has been used as a chelating agent to synthesize oxide nanoparticles. crystalline structure, morphology, chemical composition ZnO were studied using characterization techniques, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological, chemical, biochemical parameters plants at 60 90 days after sowing assessed. caused remarkable reduction traits, photosynthetic pigments proline levels the bean. Foliar spray ZnNPs ZnONPs bean soils promoted plant (i.e., shoot length, numbers leaves, relative water content, roots fresh dry weights), (Chl a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids), mineral elements (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Zn2+) compared control. However, NaCl, there no significant variations mentioned parameters. This study suggested that is potential for foliar spraying improving parameters, photosynthesis efficiency aspects conditions.